Passing Dark Colored Urine

Urinary bladder
Physiology of micturition
Hematuria
Renal Cysts
1. CYSTIC RENAL “DYSPLASIA”
  1. ADPKD-(ADULTS)
    1. ARPKD-(CHILDREN)
      1. MEDULLARY cysts
        dialysis associated cysts
        SIMPLE renal cysts
Investigations
1. Urine Cytology
  1. Cystometry
    1. Urinalysis
      1. Urine Culture
        Urine Tumor Markers
        Cystoscopy
Schistosoma
1. Epidemiology
2. Life cycle
3. Pathogenesis
  1. S. haematobium-
    1. Painless terminal haematuria
  2. S. mansoni & S. japonicum-
    1. abdominal pain
      1. bloody diarrhea
        Portal hypertension
4. Diagnosis
  1. Microscopy
    1. ELISA
      1. Biopsy
5. Treatment
  1. Praziquantel
Bladder Tumors
1. Benign
  1. Papilloma
    1. Leiomyoma
2. Malignant
  1. Urothelial tumor
    1. Squamous cell carcinoma
      1. Adenocarcinoma
        Rhabdomyosarcoma
Grading and Staging
Urinary diversion
1. Nephrostomy
  1. Urostomy
    1. Neobladder-to-urethra Diversion

Resource summary

	Created by Batool Aldaher about 6 years ago